<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	>
<channel>
	<title>Comments on: Sovereign wealth funds</title>
	<atom:link href="http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/</link>
	<description></description>
	<pubDate>Thu, 08 Jan 2009 21:15:10 +0000</pubDate>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=2.6.1</generator>
		<item>
		<title>By: Guest</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100315</link>
		<dc:creator>Guest</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 2007 05:55:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100315</guid>
		<description>Increase in risk appetite??

Only if lending to the sovereign govt. of the world's reserve currency at negative real interest rates, funding its military adventures, and claims against the future salaries of it's citizen's, risky.

Mmmmm now come to think of it maybe you are right!! What are the dollar and the national debt doing and going to be doing!!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Increase in risk appetite??</p>
<p>Only if lending to the sovereign govt. of the world&#8217;s reserve currency at negative real interest rates, funding its military adventures, and claims against the future salaries of it&#8217;s citizen&#8217;s, risky.</p>
<p>Mmmmm now come to think of it maybe you are right!! What are the dollar and the national debt doing and going to be doing!!</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100314</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Sep 2007 09:07:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100314</guid>
		<description>Blackstone...Talk about shoddy, defective products.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Blackstone&#8230;Talk about shoddy, defective products.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Twofish</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100313</link>
		<dc:creator>Twofish</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Sep 2007 11:37:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100313</guid>
		<description>The goal of CIC appears to be one large pension retirement fund, which has been done successfully in other places.  At least to start out with, it isn't even going to be a particularly big pension fund.  At $200 billion, CIC will smaller than Calpers (the California State Pension Fund) has about $250 billion of assets.

If you look at the structure of CIC, it looks similar to the way the Calpers board is structured.  Also the interesting thing is that one agency that is not at the table is the State Asset Supervision and Administration Council.  This nicely divides up the states "ownership" and "regulatory" roles.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The goal of CIC appears to be one large pension retirement fund, which has been done successfully in other places.  At least to start out with, it isn&#8217;t even going to be a particularly big pension fund.  At $200 billion, CIC will smaller than Calpers (the California State Pension Fund) has about $250 billion of assets.</p>
<p>If you look at the structure of CIC, it looks similar to the way the Calpers board is structured.  Also the interesting thing is that one agency that is not at the table is the State Asset Supervision and Administration Council.  This nicely divides up the states &#8220;ownership&#8221; and &#8220;regulatory&#8221; roles.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Twofish</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100312</link>
		<dc:creator>Twofish</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Sep 2007 11:23:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100312</guid>
		<description>Except for the Agricultural Bank of China, the big state banks have excellent balance sheets and are in no need of capitalization.  The problem is that people aren't sure about what happens once the business cycle shifts.  I'm pretty much an optimist, but that is the big problem.

ABC is going to get a cash infusion, but ABC's problems are part of a bigger problem which is that farm incomes are not increasing.  There are also huge problems with the rural credit cooperatives.  Also, I don't think that Central Huijin should be buying any of the city banks right now.  What it should do is to have cash on hand so that if any of the JSCB's do go under, Huijin can buy the bank, fire the management, and fix the problems.

I had strongly objected before to making Huijin part of CIC, but I withdraw my objections after seeing that they are going to be putting the National Social Security Fund in charge of all of this.  NSSF has a very, very strong incentive to make sure that the companies it owns are managed profitably and professionally (lots of old people who are going to want their money).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Except for the Agricultural Bank of China, the big state banks have excellent balance sheets and are in no need of capitalization.  The problem is that people aren&#8217;t sure about what happens once the business cycle shifts.  I&#8217;m pretty much an optimist, but that is the big problem.</p>
<p>ABC is going to get a cash infusion, but ABC&#8217;s problems are part of a bigger problem which is that farm incomes are not increasing.  There are also huge problems with the rural credit cooperatives.  Also, I don&#8217;t think that Central Huijin should be buying any of the city banks right now.  What it should do is to have cash on hand so that if any of the JSCB&#8217;s do go under, Huijin can buy the bank, fire the management, and fix the problems.</p>
<p>I had strongly objected before to making Huijin part of CIC, but I withdraw my objections after seeing that they are going to be putting the National Social Security Fund in charge of all of this.  NSSF has a very, very strong incentive to make sure that the companies it owns are managed profitably and professionally (lots of old people who are going to want their money).</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Twofish</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100311</link>
		<dc:creator>Twofish</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Sep 2007 11:17:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100311</guid>
		<description>Using government assets to capitalize banks has to be done carefully, otherwise the banks will expect a bailout the next time something goes wrong.  The 1998 recapitalization could be justified that in the early 1990's, Chinese banks found themselves holding lots of bad loans that the government ordered them to pay out as social welfare benefits.  That wouldn't be an excuse today.  A trillion dollars might seem like a lot of money, but it is amazing how quickly it can disappear.

If the banks need money, then can go out and issue stock, and doing that way encourages the banks to be profitable.  I don't think that three of the big four banks are shaky.  What happened in 1998, was that three of the four banks, got their bad debt exchanged for good debt, and the bad debt got warehoused in another company where it is being dealt with by the government.  Ultimately the government will have to pick up about 80% of the bad debt, but by not having the transfer go directly to the bank, the government was avoiding throwing good money after bad.

If anyone of three of the four banks get themselves in trouble with post-1998 deals, then the entire upper management needs to be fired before we even talk about new money coming in.

The difference between Blackstone and the Chinese banks was that Blackstone was supposed to be better at investing Chinese capital.  It was an experiment that doesn't seem to have turned out well.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Using government assets to capitalize banks has to be done carefully, otherwise the banks will expect a bailout the next time something goes wrong.  The 1998 recapitalization could be justified that in the early 1990&#8217;s, Chinese banks found themselves holding lots of bad loans that the government ordered them to pay out as social welfare benefits.  That wouldn&#8217;t be an excuse today.  A trillion dollars might seem like a lot of money, but it is amazing how quickly it can disappear.</p>
<p>If the banks need money, then can go out and issue stock, and doing that way encourages the banks to be profitable.  I don&#8217;t think that three of the big four banks are shaky.  What happened in 1998, was that three of the four banks, got their bad debt exchanged for good debt, and the bad debt got warehoused in another company where it is being dealt with by the government.  Ultimately the government will have to pick up about 80% of the bad debt, but by not having the transfer go directly to the bank, the government was avoiding throwing good money after bad.</p>
<p>If anyone of three of the four banks get themselves in trouble with post-1998 deals, then the entire upper management needs to be fired before we even talk about new money coming in.</p>
<p>The difference between Blackstone and the Chinese banks was that Blackstone was supposed to be better at investing Chinese capital.  It was an experiment that doesn&#8217;t seem to have turned out well.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: RebelEconomist</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100310</link>
		<dc:creator>RebelEconomist</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Sep 2007 08:40:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100310</guid>
		<description>Guest on 2007-09-25 09:40:58:

The end is to boost the capitalisation of the banks.  The example of transferring a US treasury was just to show you that no extra dollar purchases, foreign exchange transactions or government indebtedness need be involved.  I do not know whether that is how such an operation would actually be done.

The Chinese government have already established a state entity to do something like this, called Central Huijin Investment Company, which I believe was financed from the reserves.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Guest on 2007-09-25 09:40:58:</p>
<p>The end is to boost the capitalisation of the banks.  The example of transferring a US treasury was just to show you that no extra dollar purchases, foreign exchange transactions or government indebtedness need be involved.  I do not know whether that is how such an operation would actually be done.</p>
<p>The Chinese government have already established a state entity to do something like this, called Central Huijin Investment Company, which I believe was financed from the reserves.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Guest</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100309</link>
		<dc:creator>Guest</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Sep 2007 05:40:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100309</guid>
		<description>RebelEconomist on 2007-09-25 09:18:57

You keep changing the story.

Now you're doing a treasury swap, converting the capitalization currency, forcing a currency mismatch into the bank, and creating an RMB asset on the books of PBOC.

To what end I don't know.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>RebelEconomist on 2007-09-25 09:18:57</p>
<p>You keep changing the story.</p>
<p>Now you&#8217;re doing a treasury swap, converting the capitalization currency, forcing a currency mismatch into the bank, and creating an RMB asset on the books of PBOC.</p>
<p>To what end I don&#8217;t know.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: RebelEconomist</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100308</link>
		<dc:creator>RebelEconomist</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Sep 2007 05:18:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100308</guid>
		<description>Michael:

The banks should raise capital in the market, but if they are shaky, then that will be expensive.  That is why the government are helping the banks by doing this.


Guest on 2007-09-25 08:19:13:

The government is no more indebted than it would have been if it had used the dollars to buy treasuries, and the same amount of dollar assets are acquired by China.  One way of doing such an operation that might make this clearer would be for the government to simply swap US treasuries with a bank in return for an equity stake.  The bank's capital is increased, and the dollars remain invested so that no market transaction is involved.  If the bank's equity is denominated in renminbi, the bank has an increased exposure to the dollar and the government has a decreased exposure to the dollar, but this does not really matter, since this is not an profit-making transaction anyway; it is about helping the bank, by allowing it to run with less capital raised and remunerated at market rates.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Michael:</p>
<p>The banks should raise capital in the market, but if they are shaky, then that will be expensive.  That is why the government are helping the banks by doing this.</p>
<p>Guest on 2007-09-25 08:19:13:</p>
<p>The government is no more indebted than it would have been if it had used the dollars to buy treasuries, and the same amount of dollar assets are acquired by China.  One way of doing such an operation that might make this clearer would be for the government to simply swap US treasuries with a bank in return for an equity stake.  The bank&#8217;s capital is increased, and the dollars remain invested so that no market transaction is involved.  If the bank&#8217;s equity is denominated in renminbi, the bank has an increased exposure to the dollar and the government has a decreased exposure to the dollar, but this does not really matter, since this is not an profit-making transaction anyway; it is about helping the bank, by allowing it to run with less capital raised and remunerated at market rates.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: jkh</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100307</link>
		<dc:creator>jkh</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Sep 2007 04:42:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100307</guid>
		<description>I appreciate the US flexibility argument, but I think there is a bias in the causality. It's not clear to me why excess consumption in the US isn't a causal factor in enabling excess saving elsewhere. The decision to buy from Walmart more typically starts with domestic financing, leading to the export of dollars to China, and the recycling of dollars to the US. That process depends initially on domestic financing. But domestic financing did not specify consumption through international channels. That's a US consumer choice.

Also, foreign held dollars are ultimately captive to the US banking system. All dollars held globally ultimately clear toward the Fed - consider the mechanics of US dollar nostro accounts.

So US flexibility enables the symbiosis of foreign saving with US consumption. But I don't see the unidirectional implication of a net saving glut, especially one that is categorized by Bernanke as global. It takes two to tango.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I appreciate the US flexibility argument, but I think there is a bias in the causality. It&#8217;s not clear to me why excess consumption in the US isn&#8217;t a causal factor in enabling excess saving elsewhere. The decision to buy from Walmart more typically starts with domestic financing, leading to the export of dollars to China, and the recycling of dollars to the US. That process depends initially on domestic financing. But domestic financing did not specify consumption through international channels. That&#8217;s a US consumer choice.</p>
<p>Also, foreign held dollars are ultimately captive to the US banking system. All dollars held globally ultimately clear toward the Fed - consider the mechanics of US dollar nostro accounts.</p>
<p>So US flexibility enables the symbiosis of foreign saving with US consumption. But I don&#8217;t see the unidirectional implication of a net saving glut, especially one that is categorized by Bernanke as global. It takes two to tango.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Guest</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100306</link>
		<dc:creator>Guest</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Sep 2007 04:19:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2007/09/23/sovereign-wealth-funds/#comment-100306</guid>
		<description>" What is the difference between a dollar investment in Blackstone and a Chinese bank? "

The difference is that Blackstone is an outbound destination for investment of fx reserves. Putting this money into Chinese banks just passes the problem of recycling dollars to another domestic entity. The Chinese banks are an intermediate source of the fx that's sold to the reserve fund in the first place. If they're capitalized in dollars, and can't use the dollars, they may put the cash right back to PBOC. (They have to do something with the US cash from the capitalization.) If so, the net result is that the capitalization would have to be financed ultimately by more government indebtedness.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8221; What is the difference between a dollar investment in Blackstone and a Chinese bank? &#8221;</p>
<p>The difference is that Blackstone is an outbound destination for investment of fx reserves. Putting this money into Chinese banks just passes the problem of recycling dollars to another domestic entity. The Chinese banks are an intermediate source of the fx that&#8217;s sold to the reserve fund in the first place. If they&#8217;re capitalized in dollars, and can&#8217;t use the dollars, they may put the cash right back to PBOC. (They have to do something with the US cash from the capitalization.) If so, the net result is that the capitalization would have to be financed ultimately by more government indebtedness.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
</channel>
</rss>
