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	<title>Comments on: What keeps Zhou Xiaochuan up at night</title>
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	<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/</link>
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		<title>By: bsetser</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107265</link>
		<dc:creator>bsetser</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 00:48:38 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>judy -- let me see if i can dig up yu yongding&#039;s paper.  the controls that have been lifted impact institutions more than individuals.  the banks are being encouraged to hold fx.  companies no longer face a surrender requirement and are being encouraged to build up foreign assets.   financial management companies are allowed to -- through the qualified institutional investor program -- invest abroad.  the controls that impact individuals are still in place, though these controls seem to be fairly porous.  in the event of another bop crisis, i would suspect that the controls on institutional outflows could easily be tightened.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>judy &#8212; let me see if i can dig up yu yongding&#8217;s paper.  the controls that have been lifted impact institutions more than individuals.  the banks are being encouraged to hold fx.  companies no longer face a surrender requirement and are being encouraged to build up foreign assets.   financial management companies are allowed to &#8212; through the qualified institutional investor program &#8212; invest abroad.  the controls that impact individuals are still in place, though these controls seem to be fairly porous.  in the event of another bop crisis, i would suspect that the controls on institutional outflows could easily be tightened.</p>
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		<title>By: Guest</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107264</link>
		<dc:creator>Guest</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Apr 2008 15:36:49 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Saw a story in Bloomberg, as I recall, that the Chinese are thinking about a one off revaluation of the Yuan, by 10-15% to reduce inflation. No idea if this is a serious possibility or not.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Saw a story in Bloomberg, as I recall, that the Chinese are thinking about a one off revaluation of the Yuan, by 10-15% to reduce inflation. No idea if this is a serious possibility or not.</p>
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		<title>By: Judy Yeo</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107263</link>
		<dc:creator>Judy Yeo</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Apr 2008 11:20:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107263</guid>
		<description>Brad&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;very interested in your &quot;controls on outflows have been lifted&quot; comment. Care to elaborate? For instance,should a crisis equivalent to the asian crisis occur, could investors exit with their funds/hot flows as effectively as investors in 97/98? How would that be accomplished?&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Email would be fine too</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Brad</p>
<p>very interested in your &quot;controls on outflows have been lifted&quot; comment. Care to elaborate? For instance,should a crisis equivalent to the asian crisis occur, could investors exit with their funds/hot flows as effectively as investors in 97/98? How would that be accomplished?</p>
<p>Email would be fine too</p>
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		<title>By: Twofish</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107262</link>
		<dc:creator>Twofish</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2008 22:59:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107262</guid>
		<description>DC: What else can I do, invest my capital in the frozen bond market with negative interest rates, or the sinking stock market, or the collapsing housing market?&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;You could borrow and spend. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;DC: Bernanke won&#039;t raise rates because he doesn&#039;t give a damn about destroying the savings of the American working-class.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Low interest rates are a wonderful thing if you are up to your ears in debt.  It&#039;s the super rich that have huge savings, not the working class, and so this conspiracy theory falls flat there.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;DC: The US has been gaming the global economic system for decades; sucking up two-thirds of the world&#039;s capital, giving nothing back in return except mortgage-backed junk, cluster bombs, and crummy green paper. Nothing changes; it only gets worse.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;And there&#039;s no particular reason to think that this can&#039;t go on for at least the next century, since sucking up the world&#039;s capital allows the US to build 12 carrier battle groups which it can use to continue its control over the world financial system.  It&#039;s actually quite a stable system.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>DC: What else can I do, invest my capital in the frozen bond market with negative interest rates, or the sinking stock market, or the collapsing housing market?</p>
<p>You could borrow and spend. </p>
<p>DC: Bernanke won&#8217;t raise rates because he doesn&#8217;t give a damn about destroying the savings of the American working-class.</p>
<p>Low interest rates are a wonderful thing if you are up to your ears in debt.  It&#8217;s the super rich that have huge savings, not the working class, and so this conspiracy theory falls flat there.</p>
<p>DC: The US has been gaming the global economic system for decades; sucking up two-thirds of the world&#8217;s capital, giving nothing back in return except mortgage-backed junk, cluster bombs, and crummy green paper. Nothing changes; it only gets worse.</p>
<p>And there&#8217;s no particular reason to think that this can&#8217;t go on for at least the next century, since sucking up the world&#8217;s capital allows the US to build 12 carrier battle groups which it can use to continue its control over the world financial system.  It&#8217;s actually quite a stable system.</p>
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		<title>By: Twofish</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107261</link>
		<dc:creator>Twofish</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2008 22:46:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107261</guid>
		<description>bsetser: it also shows up in the pricing of the CNY forwards in the NDF market. in general, the forward price is close to the interest rate differential.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;There are lots of things that can cause the forward market not to match up, and capital controls is only one of them.  In particular, if the differential were due to capital controls, you&#039;d see markedly different prices in Shanghai than in Singapore/HK, and while there is a difference, it&#039;s not huge.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>bsetser: it also shows up in the pricing of the CNY forwards in the NDF market. in general, the forward price is close to the interest rate differential.</p>
<p>There are lots of things that can cause the forward market not to match up, and capital controls is only one of them.  In particular, if the differential were due to capital controls, you&#8217;d see markedly different prices in Shanghai than in Singapore/HK, and while there is a difference, it&#8217;s not huge.</p>
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		<title>By: bsetser</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107260</link>
		<dc:creator>bsetser</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2008 22:22:05 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>2fish -- from my point of view, those controls are fairly effective.  if you have a connection to HK, obviously it seems like there are ways around them.  but they clearly have had an impact on the pricing of CNY forwards.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>2fish &#8212; from my point of view, those controls are fairly effective.  if you have a connection to HK, obviously it seems like there are ways around them.  but they clearly have had an impact on the pricing of CNY forwards.</p>
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		<title>By: DC</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107259</link>
		<dc:creator>DC</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2008 21:17:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107259</guid>
		<description>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Twofish,&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;So far, even you have to admit that betting against the US Dollar is a winning proposition. I am not a short term speculator, borrowing heavily on margin to short the US Dollar, but I would like to at least preserve the &quot;real&quot; purchasing power of my hard earned savings. What else can I do, invest my capital in the frozen bond market with negative interest rates, or the sinking stock market, or the collapsing housing market? The Bernanke Fed has gummed up the entire US financial system with its low-interest credit scam. The only long-term trend is for the US Dollar to collapse into a black hole. Bernanke won&#039;t raise rates because he doesn&#039;t give a damn about destroying the savings of the American working-class. Writes Mike Whitney, &quot;What matters to Bernanke is making sure that his fat-cat buddies in the banking establishment get a steady stream of low interest loot so they can paper-over their bad investments and ward off bankruptcy for another day or two. Its a joke; it was the investment banks that created this mess with their putrid mortgage-backed securities and other debt-exotica. Still, in Bernanke&#039;s mind, they are the only ones who really count. The US has been gaming the global economic system for decades; sucking up two-thirds of the world&#039;s capital, giving nothing back in return except mortgage-backed junk, cluster bombs, and crummy green paper. Nothing changes; it only gets worse.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Twofish,</p>
<p>So far, even you have to admit that betting against the US Dollar is a winning proposition. I am not a short term speculator, borrowing heavily on margin to short the US Dollar, but I would like to at least preserve the &quot;real&quot; purchasing power of my hard earned savings. What else can I do, invest my capital in the frozen bond market with negative interest rates, or the sinking stock market, or the collapsing housing market? The Bernanke Fed has gummed up the entire US financial system with its low-interest credit scam. The only long-term trend is for the US Dollar to collapse into a black hole. Bernanke won&#8217;t raise rates because he doesn&#8217;t give a damn about destroying the savings of the American working-class. Writes Mike Whitney, &quot;What matters to Bernanke is making sure that his fat-cat buddies in the banking establishment get a steady stream of low interest loot so they can paper-over their bad investments and ward off bankruptcy for another day or two. Its a joke; it was the investment banks that created this mess with their putrid mortgage-backed securities and other debt-exotica. Still, in Bernanke&#8217;s mind, they are the only ones who really count. The US has been gaming the global economic system for decades; sucking up two-thirds of the world&#8217;s capital, giving nothing back in return except mortgage-backed junk, cluster bombs, and crummy green paper. Nothing changes; it only gets worse.&quot;</p>
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		<title>By: Twofish</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107258</link>
		<dc:creator>Twofish</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2008 20:59:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107258</guid>
		<description>DC: Including Jim Rogers and I, private investors are divesting their US Dollars and betting on Chinese yuan revaluation.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;It&#039;s quite a risk bet since the PBC might just well let the RMB inflate meaning that you are left with RMB whose appreciation matches inflation.  As long as price increases are confined to food, the Chinese government is under no particular pressure to reduce inflation since higher food prices and stable non-food prices, effectively redistributed income from urban to rural areas.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;There&#039;s also the risk that PBC will miscalculate and lose control of the situation in which case you have a 15% appreciation on a currency that has dropped 20%.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>DC: Including Jim Rogers and I, private investors are divesting their US Dollars and betting on Chinese yuan revaluation.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s quite a risk bet since the PBC might just well let the RMB inflate meaning that you are left with RMB whose appreciation matches inflation.  As long as price increases are confined to food, the Chinese government is under no particular pressure to reduce inflation since higher food prices and stable non-food prices, effectively redistributed income from urban to rural areas.</p>
<p>There&#8217;s also the risk that PBC will miscalculate and lose control of the situation in which case you have a 15% appreciation on a currency that has dropped 20%.</p>
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		<title>By: Twofish</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107257</link>
		<dc:creator>Twofish</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2008 20:54:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107257</guid>
		<description>I didn&#039;t say that there weren&#039;t any controls on inflows.  I said that there were no effective controls on inflows.  The restrictions in what the banks can do to move money back into China is dwarfed by the flows (much of it disguised FDI) that moves in from Hong Kong.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I didn&#8217;t say that there weren&#8217;t any controls on inflows.  I said that there were no effective controls on inflows.  The restrictions in what the banks can do to move money back into China is dwarfed by the flows (much of it disguised FDI) that moves in from Hong Kong.</p>
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		<title>By: bsetser</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107256</link>
		<dc:creator>bsetser</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2008 16:47:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/04/27/what-keeps-zhou-xiaochuan-up-at-night/#comment-107256</guid>
		<description>2fish -- you are wrong about &quot;no controls on inflows&quot;.  the regime has changed 180 degrees over the past few years.  the controls on outflows have been lifted, and controls on inflows have been tightened.  most recently the pboc made it harder for all banks to borrow fx abroad and bring it onshore.   there have been a host of other measures as well -- read yu yondding&#039;s latest paper for more on this.  it also shows up in the pricing of the CNY forwards in the NDF market.  in general, the forward price is close to the interest rate differential.  but that requires the ability to move money in and out freely.  for china, the interest rate differential suggests that there should be an expected depreciation in the forward market and the market shows an expected appreciation.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>2fish &#8212; you are wrong about &quot;no controls on inflows&quot;.  the regime has changed 180 degrees over the past few years.  the controls on outflows have been lifted, and controls on inflows have been tightened.  most recently the pboc made it harder for all banks to borrow fx abroad and bring it onshore.   there have been a host of other measures as well &#8212; read yu yondding&#8217;s latest paper for more on this.  it also shows up in the pricing of the CNY forwards in the NDF market.  in general, the forward price is close to the interest rate differential.  but that requires the ability to move money in and out freely.  for china, the interest rate differential suggests that there should be an expected depreciation in the forward market and the market shows an expected appreciation.</p>
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