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	<title>Comments on: The scale of central bank (and sovereign fund) intervention in global markets has been breathtaking</title>
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	<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/</link>
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		<title>By: B</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-134593</link>
		<dc:creator>B</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Nov 2009 02:50:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-134593</guid>
		<description>To all those posting comments in relation to coutries at war, the financial crisis etc on this site...wake up, the people behind this site are part of the Illuminati!

Seriously, you people deserve whats coming to you when the one world governemnt eventually forms!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>To all those posting comments in relation to coutries at war, the financial crisis etc on this site&#8230;wake up, the people behind this site are part of the Illuminati!</p>
<p>Seriously, you people deserve whats coming to you when the one world governemnt eventually forms!</p>
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		<title>By: Arriba es abajo &#124; La coleccion de los coches mas increibles del mund</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-118460</link>
		<dc:creator>Arriba es abajo &#124; La coleccion de los coches mas increibles del mund</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 23 Nov 2008 00:04:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-118460</guid>
		<description>[...] el único actor en los mercados de todo el mundo que daba créditos eran los bancos centrales (y lo hacían como locos. Y ni así nada se movía), lo cierto es que no es que me dé excesiva [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] el único actor en los mercados de todo el mundo que daba créditos eran los bancos centrales (y lo hacían como locos. Y ni así nada se movía), lo cierto es que no es que me dé excesiva [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Flabbergasted in Palo Alto</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-113811</link>
		<dc:creator>Flabbergasted in Palo Alto</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 27 Sep 2008 19:04:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-113811</guid>
		<description>Brad, you say &quot;…going from an economy with too much credit to one with far too little.&quot; You may be right and I certainly esteem your opinion highly.  But this is a risk, in the future, and I am not sure how well the future can be predicted.  I am also not sure what “too little&quot; credit really means.  Talking about risks, how about the risk of digging deeper into a debt hole, so deep that at some point there is no bearable escape for the economy or the nation’s middle class? 

Before we press all the panic buttons, let us set some criteria for a “deflationary” or “credit” crisis.  Here are some ideas: 1.  House prices return to 2000 levels in real (inflation adjusted) terms.  2.  Oil prices return to their levels of two years ago (about $60/barrel).  3.  You cannot get a loan to buy a house, when you have a twenty percent down payment and the income to support the payments (house payments about 1/3 of gross income).  4.  If you do not like my criteria, please set you own criteria, but nothing like TED spreads.  

Otherwise, this looks like another scare to keep the gravy train going for very few but very influential people at the expense of the gullible hoi polloi.  On a lighter side, but very relevant, do not miss Jon Stewart’s Daily Show of September 25.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Brad, you say &#8220;…going from an economy with too much credit to one with far too little.&#8221; You may be right and I certainly esteem your opinion highly.  But this is a risk, in the future, and I am not sure how well the future can be predicted.  I am also not sure what “too little&#8221; credit really means.  Talking about risks, how about the risk of digging deeper into a debt hole, so deep that at some point there is no bearable escape for the economy or the nation’s middle class? </p>
<p>Before we press all the panic buttons, let us set some criteria for a “deflationary” or “credit” crisis.  Here are some ideas: 1.  House prices return to 2000 levels in real (inflation adjusted) terms.  2.  Oil prices return to their levels of two years ago (about $60/barrel).  3.  You cannot get a loan to buy a house, when you have a twenty percent down payment and the income to support the payments (house payments about 1/3 of gross income).  4.  If you do not like my criteria, please set you own criteria, but nothing like TED spreads.  </p>
<p>Otherwise, this looks like another scare to keep the gravy train going for very few but very influential people at the expense of the gullible hoi polloi.  On a lighter side, but very relevant, do not miss Jon Stewart’s Daily Show of September 25.</p>
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		<title>By: JKH</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-113286</link>
		<dc:creator>JKH</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Sep 2008 13:32:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-113286</guid>
		<description>RebelEconomist,

Thanks for your response. You met my expectations (which I expected :)). I agree with your explanation.

In thinking it through quickly the other day, I skipped the first step you pointed out – dollars deposited in foreign CB accounts with the Fed. I saw the final step only, with the distribution of dollars to foreign commercial banks, and the dollar balances of those banks clearing through to their dollar accounts with their own New York clearers.

So these dollars should show up in the excess reserve setting of the Fed, other things equal.  The Fed desk would act accordingly. These reserves in their final form would be indistinguishable from those supplied directly through domestic operations.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>RebelEconomist,</p>
<p>Thanks for your response. You met my expectations (which I expected <img src='http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> ). I agree with your explanation.</p>
<p>In thinking it through quickly the other day, I skipped the first step you pointed out – dollars deposited in foreign CB accounts with the Fed. I saw the final step only, with the distribution of dollars to foreign commercial banks, and the dollar balances of those banks clearing through to their dollar accounts with their own New York clearers.</p>
<p>So these dollars should show up in the excess reserve setting of the Fed, other things equal.  The Fed desk would act accordingly. These reserves in their final form would be indistinguishable from those supplied directly through domestic operations.</p>
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		<title>By: RebelEconomist</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-113119</link>
		<dc:creator>RebelEconomist</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 20 Sep 2008 09:19:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-113119</guid>
		<description>jkh,

In an effort to live up to your expectations of me as a central bank balance sheet wonk, I have thought about the effect of the Fed&#039;s reciprocal arrangements with the other central banks.  I consider that you are right; the dollars lent to those central banks (against collateral of their own currency) may come back to the US moneymarket.  In fact, I guess they never really leave, since they will be credited to each central bank&#039;s account at the NY Fed.

It seems to me that the extra dollar balances credited to the foreign central banks&#039; Fed accounts under the reciprocal arrangement are like an additional source of potential dollar liquidity, granted to the foreign central banks to use at their discretion to help their own banks.  Presumably, if used, they fit into Fed operations like a customer repo; the NY Fed Trading Desk allows for them when deciding what their own operations should be.

The foreign central banks could have achieved the same result by repoing some of their reserves securities with the Fed and holding the proceeds in their Fed accounts.  Indeed, one wonders why the Fed did not expect the central banks involved to this instead; perhaps not all the central banks concerned have enough treasuries in custody with the Fed.

In practice I would not expect that the foreign central banks&#039; dollar lending needs to be offset by the NY Fed Trading Desk.  I would imagine that that dollar assistance by the foreign central banks coincides with tight dollar money market conditions anyway, when the NY Fed trading desk are not unhappy for their colleagues to be lending as well.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>jkh,</p>
<p>In an effort to live up to your expectations of me as a central bank balance sheet wonk, I have thought about the effect of the Fed&#8217;s reciprocal arrangements with the other central banks.  I consider that you are right; the dollars lent to those central banks (against collateral of their own currency) may come back to the US moneymarket.  In fact, I guess they never really leave, since they will be credited to each central bank&#8217;s account at the NY Fed.</p>
<p>It seems to me that the extra dollar balances credited to the foreign central banks&#8217; Fed accounts under the reciprocal arrangement are like an additional source of potential dollar liquidity, granted to the foreign central banks to use at their discretion to help their own banks.  Presumably, if used, they fit into Fed operations like a customer repo; the NY Fed Trading Desk allows for them when deciding what their own operations should be.</p>
<p>The foreign central banks could have achieved the same result by repoing some of their reserves securities with the Fed and holding the proceeds in their Fed accounts.  Indeed, one wonders why the Fed did not expect the central banks involved to this instead; perhaps not all the central banks concerned have enough treasuries in custody with the Fed.</p>
<p>In practice I would not expect that the foreign central banks&#8217; dollar lending needs to be offset by the NY Fed Trading Desk.  I would imagine that that dollar assistance by the foreign central banks coincides with tight dollar money market conditions anyway, when the NY Fed trading desk are not unhappy for their colleagues to be lending as well.</p>
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		<title>By: algernon</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-113110</link>
		<dc:creator>algernon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 20 Sep 2008 02:05:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-113110</guid>
		<description>Twofish.
Hamilton &amp; Jefferson were both genius&#039; I&#039;ll grant.  But when you reflect that all modern booms &amp; busts are generated by credit bubbles &amp; there collapse, and further that this flows from leverage of the sort to which Jefferson is probably alluding, you might aver with more diffidence.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Twofish.<br />
Hamilton &amp; Jefferson were both genius&#8217; I&#8217;ll grant.  But when you reflect that all modern booms &amp; busts are generated by credit bubbles &amp; there collapse, and further that this flows from leverage of the sort to which Jefferson is probably alluding, you might aver with more diffidence.</p>
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		<title>By: Judy Yeo</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-113057</link>
		<dc:creator>Judy Yeo</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 19 Sep 2008 13:04:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-113057</guid>
		<description>The short squeeze began yesterday, and if the powers that be have any sense, they;ll continue today. Pardon the paranoia but wouldn&#039;t be surprised if the ones selling short come from no less venerable institutions as GS or citi ; cannabalism seems to be the order of the day...

there have even been official pronouncements that short sellers will be hunted down, at least by the brits, wonder if man is quaking...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The short squeeze began yesterday, and if the powers that be have any sense, they;ll continue today. Pardon the paranoia but wouldn&#8217;t be surprised if the ones selling short come from no less venerable institutions as GS or citi ; cannabalism seems to be the order of the day&#8230;</p>
<p>there have even been official pronouncements that short sellers will be hunted down, at least by the brits, wonder if man is quaking&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: A new sitrep, as we move into phase 3 of the financial crisis &#171; Fabius Maximus</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-113053</link>
		<dc:creator>A new sitrep, as we move into phase 3 of the financial crisis &#171; Fabius Maximus</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 19 Sep 2008 12:00:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-113053</guid>
		<description>[...] central banks of Canada, Japan, Britain and Switzerland.    &#8212; Source:  NY Times.  See Brad Setser&#8217;s blog at CFR for analysis of this in a global [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] central banks of Canada, Japan, Britain and Switzerland.    &#8212; Source:  NY Times.  See Brad Setser&#8217;s blog at CFR for analysis of this in a global [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Twofish</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-113050</link>
		<dc:creator>Twofish</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 19 Sep 2008 11:39:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-113050</guid>
		<description>Jefferson had many positive virtues, but in anything having to do with finance and business he was a total idiot.  Alexander Hamilton is the person that really understood business and finance.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Jefferson had many positive virtues, but in anything having to do with finance and business he was a total idiot.  Alexander Hamilton is the person that really understood business and finance.</p>
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		<title>By: Twofish</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-113049</link>
		<dc:creator>Twofish</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 19 Sep 2008 11:38:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2008/09/18/the-scale-of-central-bank-and-sovereign-fund-intervention-in-global-markets-has-been-breathtaking/#comment-113049</guid>
		<description>Blissex: Well, yes the Democrats had Rubin instead of Paulson, and lots of Wall Street fund the democrats too. The GSEs were on the Democrat side mostly, but most banks are solidly Republican.

Depends on the type of bank.  Very broadly speaking, most people in investment banks tend toward being Democrat, while most people in hedge funds tend toward being Republican.  Wall Street *isn&#039;t* a core supporter of the Republican party, and the core Republicans come from states without large finance industries.  That&#039;s why McCain is bashing Wall Street, he knows he is going to lose NY.

Personally, speaking I&#039;m partial toward Obama, because he seems to have a better handle on what solutions are actually needed.  I don&#039;t think that the deregulation/anti-government stance by McCain is really going to fix the problem.  I don&#039;t think the problem is fixable via an American-only approach, and not offering any useful solutions and then going ahead and bashing Wall Street, just makes things worse.

Blissex: You mean: losers. It is un-american to care about losers, hey in America even many losers don’t care about losers and vote for the Republicans regardless.

That&#039;s probably why people in the sausage factory (i.e. Wall Street investment banks) tend Democrat.  If you are a very, very, very good trader, then on average you will lose in 40% of the trades that you make.  The trick is to not throw bad money after good, and not to lose so much that you are out of the game.  If you are winning 95% of the time, then there is something very wrong.  You probably are in a bubble.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Blissex: Well, yes the Democrats had Rubin instead of Paulson, and lots of Wall Street fund the democrats too. The GSEs were on the Democrat side mostly, but most banks are solidly Republican.</p>
<p>Depends on the type of bank.  Very broadly speaking, most people in investment banks tend toward being Democrat, while most people in hedge funds tend toward being Republican.  Wall Street *isn&#8217;t* a core supporter of the Republican party, and the core Republicans come from states without large finance industries.  That&#8217;s why McCain is bashing Wall Street, he knows he is going to lose NY.</p>
<p>Personally, speaking I&#8217;m partial toward Obama, because he seems to have a better handle on what solutions are actually needed.  I don&#8217;t think that the deregulation/anti-government stance by McCain is really going to fix the problem.  I don&#8217;t think the problem is fixable via an American-only approach, and not offering any useful solutions and then going ahead and bashing Wall Street, just makes things worse.</p>
<p>Blissex: You mean: losers. It is un-american to care about losers, hey in America even many losers don’t care about losers and vote for the Republicans regardless.</p>
<p>That&#8217;s probably why people in the sausage factory (i.e. Wall Street investment banks) tend Democrat.  If you are a very, very, very good trader, then on average you will lose in 40% of the trades that you make.  The trick is to not throw bad money after good, and not to lose so much that you are out of the game.  If you are winning 95% of the time, then there is something very wrong.  You probably are in a bubble.</p>
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