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	<title>Comments on: The US government has already proved it can raise over $1.5 trillion in a year ..</title>
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	<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2009/01/12/the-us-government-has-already-proved-it-can-raise-over-15-trillion-in-a-year/</link>
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	<lastBuildDate>Sat, 21 Nov 2009 16:40:10 -0500</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>By: Itrac Rougese</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2009/01/12/the-us-government-has-already-proved-it-can-raise-over-15-trillion-in-a-year/#comment-133264</link>
		<dc:creator>Itrac Rougese</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2009 17:38:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/?p=4455#comment-133264</guid>
		<description>Does any one want to give MORE of our current jobs and childrens future to other countries?  The below comment says YES to me and many other citizens.

Geithner&#039;s comments in the United Arab Emirates capital Abu Dhabi came on the second leg of a two-day trip to the Middle East, where he is seeking to convince Arab leaders on the Obama administration&#039;s efforts to fix the U.S. economy.

&quot;We want to rebuild a stronger foundation for more balanced growth globally,&quot; Geithner said after a closed-door meeting about education and economic development with UAE Foreign Trade Minister Sheikha Lubna al-Qasimi and other officials. &quot;We need to make sure as we emerge from this crisis we&#039;re not sowing the seeds of imbalances that will lead to future crises.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Does any one want to give MORE of our current jobs and childrens future to other countries?  The below comment says YES to me and many other citizens.</p>
<p>Geithner&#8217;s comments in the United Arab Emirates capital Abu Dhabi came on the second leg of a two-day trip to the Middle East, where he is seeking to convince Arab leaders on the Obama administration&#8217;s efforts to fix the U.S. economy.</p>
<p>&#8220;We want to rebuild a stronger foundation for more balanced growth globally,&#8221; Geithner said after a closed-door meeting about education and economic development with UAE Foreign Trade Minister Sheikha Lubna al-Qasimi and other officials. &#8220;We need to make sure as we emerge from this crisis we&#8217;re not sowing the seeds of imbalances that will lead to future crises.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>By: Brad Setser: Follow the Money &#187; Blog Archive &#187; Is the US now more, or less, reliant on China&#8217;s government for financing?</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2009/01/12/the-us-government-has-already-proved-it-can-raise-over-15-trillion-in-a-year/#comment-123052</link>
		<dc:creator>Brad Setser: Follow the Money &#187; Blog Archive &#187; Is the US now more, or less, reliant on China&#8217;s government for financing?</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 23 Jan 2009 23:42:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/?p=4455#comment-123052</guid>
		<description>[...] 1) China has bought &#8212; according to the US TIC data &#8212; about $150 billion of Treasuries over the last three months of data. Annualized that is $600 billion, a huge sum. That data only runs through November. However, ongoing growth in the Fed&#8217;s custodial accounts implies that this basic pattern continued in December (data/ graphs can be found here) 2) The surge in China&#8217;s Treasury purchases has come even as China&#8217;s reserve growth has slowed. It consequently reflects a reallocation of China&#8217;s portfolio towards the safety of the Treasury market more than a surge in Chinese demand for dollars &#8212; and it may also reflect a decision by China&#8217;s reserve managers to shift funds out of the hands of private fund managers after Lehman (a decision that has had the effect of increasing reported Chinese purchases of US assets). 3) Once the shift in China&#8217;s portfolio toward safety ends, the pace of China&#8217;s purchases of Treasuries is likely to fall. It is hard to sustain a $600b annual increase in your holdings of Treasuries if your reserves aren&#8217;t growing. Hot money outflows will bring China&#8217;s savings into the global market, but in a less direct and harder to track way. 4) The Treasury has increased its issuance even faster than China has increased its purchases. The US is consequently selling more Treasuries to everyone, not just to China. The increase in China&#8217;s holdings of Treasuries consequently accounts for a significantly smaller share of the net increase in the supply of marketable Treasuries than in the past (Data here) [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] 1) China has bought &#8212; according to the US TIC data &#8212; about $150 billion of Treasuries over the last three months of data. Annualized that is $600 billion, a huge sum. That data only runs through November. However, ongoing growth in the Fed&#8217;s custodial accounts implies that this basic pattern continued in December (data/ graphs can be found here) 2) The surge in China&#8217;s Treasury purchases has come even as China&#8217;s reserve growth has slowed. It consequently reflects a reallocation of China&#8217;s portfolio towards the safety of the Treasury market more than a surge in Chinese demand for dollars &#8212; and it may also reflect a decision by China&#8217;s reserve managers to shift funds out of the hands of private fund managers after Lehman (a decision that has had the effect of increasing reported Chinese purchases of US assets). 3) Once the shift in China&#8217;s portfolio toward safety ends, the pace of China&#8217;s purchases of Treasuries is likely to fall. It is hard to sustain a $600b annual increase in your holdings of Treasuries if your reserves aren&#8217;t growing. Hot money outflows will bring China&#8217;s savings into the global market, but in a less direct and harder to track way. 4) The Treasury has increased its issuance even faster than China has increased its purchases. The US is consequently selling more Treasuries to everyone, not just to China. The increase in China&#8217;s holdings of Treasuries consequently accounts for a significantly smaller share of the net increase in the supply of marketable Treasuries than in the past (Data here) [...]</p>
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		<title>By: St</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2009/01/12/the-us-government-has-already-proved-it-can-raise-over-15-trillion-in-a-year/#comment-122696</link>
		<dc:creator>St</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Jan 2009 12:12:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/?p=4455#comment-122696</guid>
		<description>[...] indsendt af SortKaffe   @New Yorker:  vymer har i en anden tr</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] indsendt af SortKaffe   @New Yorker:  vymer har i en anden tr</p>
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		<title>By: St</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2009/01/12/the-us-government-has-already-proved-it-can-raise-over-15-trillion-in-a-year/#comment-122362</link>
		<dc:creator>St</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 2009 19:29:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/?p=4455#comment-122362</guid>
		<description>[...] Yorker:  vymer har i en anden tr</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Yorker:  vymer har i en anden tr</p>
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		<title>By: Lou Thomas</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2009/01/12/the-us-government-has-already-proved-it-can-raise-over-15-trillion-in-a-year/#comment-122335</link>
		<dc:creator>Lou Thomas</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2009 23:15:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/?p=4455#comment-122335</guid>
		<description>An analysis that is purely focused upon the monetary concerns of stimulus and borrowing misses the fundamental economic factors underlying the present crisis.  And we are nearing that moment of truth when fundamentals once again start to matter.

We need to recognize that:

* The export of heavy industry from the U.S. to other nations is a key factor in the present trade imbalance, and in the terminal dependency upon monetary manipulation and, more benignly, the service economy, which are dysfunctional and unsustainable, respectively.

* A large part of what remains of U.S. industry is dedicated to military production, which is a net negative for the real economy, and that dependence upon the external projection of power has destroyed the integrity of the U.S. economy, while building a fifth column in the form of a military-industrial complex that tends to lock the U.S. in to this destabilizing policy.

* Other centers of power have emerged as the internal decay of the U.S. through militarism and other corruption has undermined U.S. economic power and military alliances.


We need some truly creative ways of addressing these problems, such as:

* Making deals with nations with net surplus reserves that have grown tired of financing U.S. overspending, to obtain additional investment in exchange for the U.S. (and its clients) drawing back from present aggressive policies, and also by using these funds for a massive conversion of the military industry to civilian productive purposes (e.g., green technology) that the world needs and that can therefore ultimately correct the trade imbalance.

* Cutting the military budget and using the proceeds for part of the required stimulus.

* Including as part of the stimulus package Federal grants for worker-run cooperatives to take over idled manufacturing facilities, as happened during the recent Argentine crisis.

* Putting zombie banks out of their misery and dealing with the chain reaction of failures by replacing these failed institutions with direct public investment, instead of pouring TARP funds down a bottomless pit of financial chicanery.

* Tight regulation of what remains of the financial sector.

Can we do it?  It comes down to whether we have the will to survive.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>An analysis that is purely focused upon the monetary concerns of stimulus and borrowing misses the fundamental economic factors underlying the present crisis.  And we are nearing that moment of truth when fundamentals once again start to matter.</p>
<p>We need to recognize that:</p>
<p>* The export of heavy industry from the U.S. to other nations is a key factor in the present trade imbalance, and in the terminal dependency upon monetary manipulation and, more benignly, the service economy, which are dysfunctional and unsustainable, respectively.</p>
<p>* A large part of what remains of U.S. industry is dedicated to military production, which is a net negative for the real economy, and that dependence upon the external projection of power has destroyed the integrity of the U.S. economy, while building a fifth column in the form of a military-industrial complex that tends to lock the U.S. in to this destabilizing policy.</p>
<p>* Other centers of power have emerged as the internal decay of the U.S. through militarism and other corruption has undermined U.S. economic power and military alliances.</p>
<p>We need some truly creative ways of addressing these problems, such as:</p>
<p>* Making deals with nations with net surplus reserves that have grown tired of financing U.S. overspending, to obtain additional investment in exchange for the U.S. (and its clients) drawing back from present aggressive policies, and also by using these funds for a massive conversion of the military industry to civilian productive purposes (e.g., green technology) that the world needs and that can therefore ultimately correct the trade imbalance.</p>
<p>* Cutting the military budget and using the proceeds for part of the required stimulus.</p>
<p>* Including as part of the stimulus package Federal grants for worker-run cooperatives to take over idled manufacturing facilities, as happened during the recent Argentine crisis.</p>
<p>* Putting zombie banks out of their misery and dealing with the chain reaction of failures by replacing these failed institutions with direct public investment, instead of pouring TARP funds down a bottomless pit of financial chicanery.</p>
<p>* Tight regulation of what remains of the financial sector.</p>
<p>Can we do it?  It comes down to whether we have the will to survive.</p>
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		<title>By: gw</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2009/01/12/the-us-government-has-already-proved-it-can-raise-over-15-trillion-in-a-year/#comment-122329</link>
		<dc:creator>gw</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2009 21:13:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/?p=4455#comment-122329</guid>
		<description>Brad would you dare to comment at what price the market is willing to accept those treasuries?

Your idea that private retail(?) investors will absorb the addtional load implies that they are setting the prices. And those folks tend to be more fickle than the institutional central banks and they do have more alternatives. As prices are set at the margin...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Brad would you dare to comment at what price the market is willing to accept those treasuries?</p>
<p>Your idea that private retail(?) investors will absorb the addtional load implies that they are setting the prices. And those folks tend to be more fickle than the institutional central banks and they do have more alternatives. As prices are set at the margin&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: Twofish</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2009/01/12/the-us-government-has-already-proved-it-can-raise-over-15-trillion-in-a-year/#comment-122323</link>
		<dc:creator>Twofish</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2009 20:01:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/?p=4455#comment-122323</guid>
		<description>geert: Why so? I differ between the trigger mechanism and the structural imbalances present. 

And I&#039;m arguing that there structural imbalances weren&#039;t very important in the crisis, which is to say that even if you had no imbalances, the crisis would have still happened. 

geert: It is not because the crisis started with sub-primes that it is the main cause of the crisis.

What I argue is that no subprime -&gt; no crisis.  Subprime + structural balance -&gt; crisis.  So even if you had high savings rates and a very low GDP, with so much bad lending, you&#039;d still have a crisis.

geert: If this will be a short lived crisis then I’ll agree with you, but if we need to struggle thru a severe recession I would be looking at the real consumer class.

Even if we do have a severe recession, then it doesn&#039;t mean that there was a major structural problem to begin with.  

geert: If that middle class is that good and not overborrowed, then why do they get in trouble? Unemployment? So fast? Odd to say the least.

Yes.  Most middle class families will run out of liquid current assets if they are without work for six months.  You can start dipping into IRA&#039;s and 401(k)&#039;s but that tends to be a bad idea especially if everyone does it at the same time.

The moment you have any chance of unemployment, people just suddenly stop spending.  If you look at what happened between August and October, it wasn&#039;t that people hit their credit card limits, it&#039;s that point that everyone suddenly said &quot;oh my goodness, I might lose my job&quot; at which point spending stops cold.

The number of non-retired people that could financially survive extended unemployment is very small.  If most people didn&#039;t have to work, they wouldn&#039;t.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>geert: Why so? I differ between the trigger mechanism and the structural imbalances present. </p>
<p>And I&#8217;m arguing that there structural imbalances weren&#8217;t very important in the crisis, which is to say that even if you had no imbalances, the crisis would have still happened. </p>
<p>geert: It is not because the crisis started with sub-primes that it is the main cause of the crisis.</p>
<p>What I argue is that no subprime -&gt; no crisis.  Subprime + structural balance -&gt; crisis.  So even if you had high savings rates and a very low GDP, with so much bad lending, you&#8217;d still have a crisis.</p>
<p>geert: If this will be a short lived crisis then I’ll agree with you, but if we need to struggle thru a severe recession I would be looking at the real consumer class.</p>
<p>Even if we do have a severe recession, then it doesn&#8217;t mean that there was a major structural problem to begin with.  </p>
<p>geert: If that middle class is that good and not overborrowed, then why do they get in trouble? Unemployment? So fast? Odd to say the least.</p>
<p>Yes.  Most middle class families will run out of liquid current assets if they are without work for six months.  You can start dipping into IRA&#8217;s and 401(k)&#8217;s but that tends to be a bad idea especially if everyone does it at the same time.</p>
<p>The moment you have any chance of unemployment, people just suddenly stop spending.  If you look at what happened between August and October, it wasn&#8217;t that people hit their credit card limits, it&#8217;s that point that everyone suddenly said &#8220;oh my goodness, I might lose my job&#8221; at which point spending stops cold.</p>
<p>The number of non-retired people that could financially survive extended unemployment is very small.  If most people didn&#8217;t have to work, they wouldn&#8217;t.</p>
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		<title>By: bsetser</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2009/01/12/the-us-government-has-already-proved-it-can-raise-over-15-trillion-in-a-year/#comment-122315</link>
		<dc:creator>bsetser</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2009 18:51:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/?p=4455#comment-122315</guid>
		<description>emmanuel -- am a bit pressed for time but it is the fall in the treasuries the fed holds (down from $741b to 476...) and the increase the securities the fed has lent to the market (reported a memo item under the custodial holdings) which rose from $18b to $181b.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>emmanuel &#8212; am a bit pressed for time but it is the fall in the treasuries the fed holds (down from $741b to 476&#8230;) and the increase the securities the fed has lent to the market (reported a memo item under the custodial holdings) which rose from $18b to $181b.</p>
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		<title>By: Emmanuel</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2009/01/12/the-us-government-has-already-proved-it-can-raise-over-15-trillion-in-a-year/#comment-122313</link>
		<dc:creator>Emmanuel</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2009 18:17:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/?p=4455#comment-122313</guid>
		<description>Dr. Setser, can you quickly walk us through the arithmetic here as I cannot duplicate this figure:

&lt;i&gt;The Fed’s holdings of Treasuries – counting the securities it has lent out to the market – fell by $427 billion.&lt;/i&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dr. Setser, can you quickly walk us through the arithmetic here as I cannot duplicate this figure:</p>
<p><i>The Fed’s holdings of Treasuries – counting the securities it has lent out to the market – fell by $427 billion.</i></p>
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		<title>By: Greg</title>
		<link>http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2009/01/12/the-us-government-has-already-proved-it-can-raise-over-15-trillion-in-a-year/#comment-122310</link>
		<dc:creator>Greg</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2009 17:08:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/?p=4455#comment-122310</guid>
		<description>China bought Treasuries with money raised from selling agencies, not with new money

They sold the agencies (indirectly) to the Fed, which paid for them with printed money

History shows this exercise is not sustainable</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>China bought Treasuries with money raised from selling agencies, not with new money</p>
<p>They sold the agencies (indirectly) to the Fed, which paid for them with printed money</p>
<p>History shows this exercise is not sustainable</p>
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